# 102.221.232.3 — IP Intelligence Summary

102.221.232.3 is an IPv4 address announced by AS328480, with approximate network location South Africa. As of November 12, 2026, IPDebrief rates it Low Risk (0/100); no anonymizing service was detected.

- Canonical page: https://ipdebrief.com/102.221.232.3
- Last updated: 2026-11-12

## Ownership

- Organization: Darshan Kowlaser
- Network name: 102.221.232.0 - 102.221.232.255
- Allocated block: 102.221.232.0/24
- ASN: AS328480 (https://ipdebrief.com/asn/328480)
- Regional registry: AFRINIC
- Registered holder: Darshan Kowlaser
- Routing operator: —
- Network registration country: ZA
- Registrant address country: —

## Location

- City: —
- Region: —
- Country: South Africa
- Time zone: Africa/Johannesburg

Approximate network location; registration and certificate addresses are not server-location evidence.

## Network classification

- Infrastructure type: —
- Datacenter / hosting: no
- Residential: no
- Mobile: no
- Anycast: Unverified (not proof of unicast)
- Tor exit node: no
- VPN: no
- Proxy: no

## Risk assessment

- Assessment: Low Risk (0/100)
- Blocklist listings: 0
- Suspicious activity indicators: no
- Spam source: no

## DNS posture

Mail authentication and CAA are optional domain policies, not IP-wide requirements.

- spf: Not checked
- dmarc: Not checked
- fcrDns: Not checked
- dnssec: Not checked
- caa: Not checked

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Source: IPDebrief, "102.221.232.3 IP intelligence", https://ipdebrief.com/102.221.232.3, updated 2026-11-12. Assessments are probabilistic.