# IP Intelligence Briefing: 104.28.165.191/32
## Executive Summary
IP address 104.28.165.191 is identified as legitimate Cloudflare CDN infrastructure with a low-risk profile (Risk Score: 25). The IP exhibits no threat indicators and operates within a clean subnet environment.
## Ownership and Infrastructure
- Organization: Cloudflare, Inc. (ASN 13335)
- Network: CLOUDFLARENET (104.16.0.0/12)
- Classification: CDN / Content Delivery Network
- Geolocation: United States, Colorado, Bennett
- Registration: ARIN registry
## Risk Assessment
| Metric | Value | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Risk Score | 25 | Low Risk |
| Provider Score | 0 | N/A (CDN) |
| Authority Score | 0 | N/A (CDN) |
| Abuse Confidence | Null | No evidence |
| Blacklist Count | 0 | Clean |
| Threat Indicators | None | No active threats |
## Network Behavior
- Services: Firewall-walled; no open ports detected
- DNS Resolution: No PTR hostnames, no forward resolution
- Certificate Data: None detected
- HTTP Services: No services detected (expected for CDN edge)
- Status Code: Not applicable (firewalled)
## Threat Indicators
- Known Attacker: No
- Tor Exit Node: No
- Spam Source: No
- Known Campaigns: None
- Blacklist Status: Not listed on any feeds
- Malicious Activity: None observed
## Historical Observations
Analysis of 16 observations (as of July 29, 2026) reveals:
- Ownership Stability: 0 changes detected
- Threat Persistence: 0 days
- Threat Observations: 0
- Persistent Malicious Activity: False
- Geolocation Validation: ICMP blocked (unable to validate)
- Subnet Classification: Clean (abuse density: 0)
## Subnet Analysis (104.28.165.0/24)
- Total Neighbors: 50
- Abuse Density: 0.06 (low)
- Risk Distribution: 3 high-risk, 23 medium-risk, 22 low-risk
- Classification: Clean subnet
- Threat Siblings: 0
Notable neighbors include:
- 104.28.165.9 (Risk: 0, Authority: 85)
- 104.28.165.15 (Risk: 0, Authority: 85)
- 104.28.165.52 (Risk: 55, Authority: 85)
## Network Relationships
All 6 relationship links point to "CLOUDFLARENET" network, confirming legitimate Cloudflare infrastructure integration.
## Recommended Actions
Allow (Recommended)
This IP represents legitimate CDN infrastructure. Standard action is to allow traffic for normal web operations:
```bash
# Allow standard HTTPS/HTTP traffic
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -d 104.28.165.191 --dports 443,80 -j ACCEPT
```
No Blocking Required
- No firewall rules recommended for blocking
- No threat indicators present
- Cloudflare CDN infrastructure requires allow rules for legitimate traffic
Monitoring
- Monitor for unusual traffic patterns
- Verify expected CDN traffic volumes
- Track subnet for any changes in reputation
## Conclusion
IP 104.28.165.191 is identified as legitimate Cloudflare CDN infrastructure with no threat indicators. The IP is classified as Low Risk and operates within a clean subnet environment. No blocking actions recommended; standard allow rules for CDN traffic apply.
This summary was generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies. Verify critical details independently.
π’ Ownership & Registration
| Organization | Cloudflare, Inc. |
| ASN | AS13335 |
| Network Name | CLOUDFLARENET |
| CIDR Block | 104.16.0.0/12 |
| RIR | ARIN |
| Country | United States |
| Abuse Contact | Available via RDAP |
π DNS Intelligence
| PTR Record | No PTR |
| Forward Confirmed | No β PTR hostname does not resolve back to this IP (weak signal) |
π DNS Hygiene
| Hygiene Score | 20% (Poor) |
| SPF | Not configured |
| DMARC | Not configured |
| FCrDNS | Not verified |
| DNSSEC | Valid |
| CAA | Not configured |
βοΈ Network Classification
| Infrastructure | Infrastructure / Datacenter |
| Service Purpose | Firewalled / No Services |
| Network Tier | Hosting β Infrastructure provider without advanced routing |
π Services & Open Ports
| Port | Service | Protocol | Banner |
|---|---|---|---|
| No open ports detected | |||
| Closed Ports | 22, 25, 80, 443, 3389, 8080, 8443 (0 open / 7 scanned) | ||
| Server | β |
| HTTP Title | β |
π TLS Certificate
| SANs | None |
| Valid From | β |
| Valid Until | β |
π― Confidence Breakdown
Per-dimension confidence scores based on source diversity and data freshness
| Dimension | Score | Sources | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|
| threat | 25% | 1 | 1 |
| routing | 25% | 1 | 1 |
| services | 35% | 2 | 2 |
| ownership | 25% | 1 | 2 |
| reputation | 0% | 0 | 0 |
| geolocation | 25% | 1 | 1 |
| Overall | 22% | 6 | 7 |
| Data Coherence | Consistent (100%) |
| Attribution | Moderate (50%) |
| OwnershipFCrDNSGeo ConsensusGeo PlausibleIRR MatchRPKI Valid |
π Observation Timeline π Live
| First Seen | 2026-07-22 01:10:47 UTC |
| Last Seen | 2026-07-29 11:23:23 UTC |
| Profile Built | 2026-07-29 11:37:31 UTC |
| Data Freshness | Live |
| Signal Types | 17 |
| Total Observations | 17 |
Full dossier details are available via our API.