104.28.159.97 is an IPv4 address operated by Cloudflare, Inc. (AS13335), geolocated to New York, United States. As of September 1, 2026, IPDebrief rates it Low Risk (25/100); no anonymizing service was detected.
## IP Intelligence Briefing: 104.28.159.97
Classification: Low Risk - CDN Infrastructure
Analysis Date: 2026-07-27
Analyst: IPDebrief Intelligence Team
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Executive Summary
IP 104.28.159.97 is classified as a Cloudflare CDN endpoint (ASN 13335) with a low risk score of 25. The IP exhibits normal CDN behavior with no open services and is part of a predominantly clean subnet (104.28.159.0/24). No active malicious campaigns or threat indicators were detected.
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Ownership & Infrastructure
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| **Organization** | Cloudflare, Inc. |
| **ASN** | 13335 (CLOUDFLARENET) |
| **CIDR Block** | 104.16.0.0/12 |
| **Geolocation** | United States (New York region) |
| **Network Role** | Firewalled / No Services |
The IP belongs to Cloudflare's global content delivery network infrastructure. Multiple geolocation sources report US placement, though some sources show Kansas coordinates with low confidence (2500km accuracy radius).
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Risk Assessment
| Metric | Score | Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| **Overall Risk Score** | 25 | Low Risk |
| **Provider Score** | 0 | Neutral |
| **Authority Score** | 0 | Neutral |
| **Abuse Confidence** | N/A | Not Applicable |
| **DNSBL Listings** | 1 of 8 | Minimal |
| **Threat Observation Count** | 1 | Single event |
Key Findings:
- No known attacker indicators
- Not identified as a spam source
- Not a Tor exit node
- No associated threat campaigns
- IP is not persistently malicious
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Network Neighborhood Analysis
Subnet: 104.28.159.0/24
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Total Siblings | 49 |
| Active Siblings | 30 |
| Threat Siblings | 6 |
| Abuse Density | 0.1224 (12.24%) |
| Classification | Mostly Clean |
| Inherited Risk | 4/100 |
The subnet maintains a clean profile with 6 threat siblings out of 49 total. Notable neighbor IPs include 104.28.159.4 (risk 70) and 104.28.159.8 (risk 50), indicating sporadic but contained risk within the subnet.
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Observation History
Total Observations: 15 signals
Recent activity indicates:
- One high-severity DNSBL listing detected
- Multiple geolocation signals from diverse sources (MaxMind GeoLite2, Cymru)
- No ownership changes observed
- Threat persistence days: 0
The IP has maintained stable ownership with no significant reputation degradation.
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Service & DNS Analysis
| Service Type | Status |
|---|---|
| **Open Ports** | None detected |
| **DNS Forward Resolution** | 0 records |
| **PTR Hostnames** | None |
| **TLS Certificate** | None |
| **HTTP Service** | None |
The IP is configured as a firewalled endpoint with no publicly accessible services, which is consistent with CDN infrastructure architecture.
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Recommended Actions
For SOC/Security Operations:
1. Allow Traffic: No blocking recommended. This is legitimate CDN infrastructure.
2. Traffic Monitoring: Monitor for unusual volume patterns that may indicate abuse of CDN services.
3. Subnet Context: Be aware of 6 threat siblings in the 104.28.159.0/24 subnet; evaluate traffic from 104.28.159.4 and 104.28.159.8 if anomalies detected.
Firewall Rules: No specific firewall rules required. Standard CDN traffic policies apply.
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Intelligence Conclusions
This IP represents normal Cloudflare CDN infrastructure with no active malicious indicators. The low risk score, combined with the absence of open services and threat indicators, indicates legitimate use. Security operations should treat traffic from this IP as expected CDN activity unless specific behavioral anomalies emerge.
Threat Level: LOW
Action Required: MONITOR / ALLOW
This summary was generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies. Verify critical details independently.
🏢 Ownership & Registration
| Organization | Cloudflare, Inc. |
| ASN | AS13335 |
| Network Name | CLOUDFLARENET |
| CIDR Block | 104.16.0.0/12 |
| RIR | ARIN |
| Country | United States |
| Abuse Contact | Available via RDAP |
🌐 DNS Intelligence
| PTR Record | No PTR |
| Forward Confirmed | No — PTR hostname does not resolve back to this IP (weak signal) |
🔐 DNS Hygiene
| Hygiene Score | 20% (Poor) |
| SPF | Not configured |
| DMARC | Not configured |
| FCrDNS | Not verified |
| DNSSEC | Valid |
| CAA | Not configured |
☁️ Network Classification
| Infrastructure | Unknown |
| Service Purpose | Firewalled / No Services |
| Network Tier | Hosting — Infrastructure provider without advanced routing |
🔌 Services & Open Ports
| Port | Service | Protocol | Banner |
|---|---|---|---|
| No open ports detected | |||
| Closed Ports | 22, 25, 80, 443, 3389, 8080, 8443 (0 open / 7 scanned) | ||
| Server | — |
| HTTP Title | — |
🔐 TLS Certificate
| SANs | None |
| Valid From | — |
| Valid Until | — |
🛡️ Public Network Snapshot
| Origin ASN | AS13335 |
| Network Prefix | 104.28.159.0/24 |
| Route mapping | Found |
🎯 Confidence Breakdown
Per-dimension confidence scores based on source diversity and data freshness
| Dimension | Score | Sources | Observations |
|---|---|---|---|
| threat | 0% | 0 | 0 |
| routing | 0% | 0 | 0 |
| services | 25% | 1 | 1 |
| ownership | 25% | 1 | 2 |
| reputation | 0% | 0 | 0 |
| geolocation | 0% | 0 | 0 |
| Overall | 8% | 2 | 3 |
| Data Coherence | Consistent (100%) |
| Attribution | Moderate (50%) |
| OwnershipFCrDNSGeo ConsensusGeo PlausibleIRR MatchRPKI Valid |
📅 Observation Timeline 🔄 Live
| First Seen | 2026-07-15 10:08:13 UTC |
| Last Seen | 2026-10-07 08:47:57 UTC |
| Profile Built | 2026-09-01 00:51:37 UTC |
| Data Freshness | Live |
| Signal Types | 18 |
| Total Observations | 20 |
Full dossier details are available via our API.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions About 104.28.159.97
Who owns the IP address 104.28.159.97?
104.28.159.97 is registered to Cloudflare, Inc.. The address falls within the 104.16.0.0/12 network block. Registration is held at ARIN.
Where is 104.28.159.97 located?
Geolocation data places 104.28.159.97 in New York, New York, United States. IP geolocation is approximate and indicates the network's registered or routed location rather than a precise physical address.
Is 104.28.159.97 malicious or safe?
104.28.159.97 currently carries a low risk assessment, meaning no significant threat indicators have been observed. This assessment is generated from continuously collected signals and can change over time.